化合物详情

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Most uranium compounds are ionic in nature and would generally have extremely low vapor pressures(SRC). These compounds are expected to exist in the ambient atmosphere in the particulate phase(SRC). One exception to this is uranium(VI) hexafluoride, which has a vapor pressure of 115 mm Hg at 25 °C(1). Uranium compounds in the particulate-phase will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition(SRC).

... Uranium present in the (6+) oxidation state is highly mobile. ... /Hexavalent uranium/

In the 1940s, an accident involving the sudden release of gaseous uranium fluoride resulted in the death of two people, serious injury of three others, and minor injury to 13 others(1). Those affected experienced renal lesions and diffuse inflammatory changes in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. The renal damage was thought to be caused by adsorbed uranium while skin, eye and respiratory effects were attributed to the direct action of fluorine(1). In another study, the exposure to an accidental release of uranium fluoride and its hydrolysis products to 31 workers in 1986 was investigated. The study indicated that none of the 31 workers sustained any observable health effects from exposure to uranium even though an exposure limit of 9.6 mg was exceeded by eight of the workers(1).

Uranium compounds are expected to exist in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. One notable exception to this is uranium(VI) hexafluoride which is expected to exist entirely in the vapor phase based on its vapor pressure of 100 mm Hg at 18.2 °C. Uranium hexafluoride reacts vigorously with water, forming uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). (SRC)

Ingestion of uranium may cause vomiting and diarrhea. (L248)

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

LC50: 26 098 mg/m3 over 5 minutes (Inhalation, Rat) (L249)

Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (L248, L249)

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Oral (L249); inhalation (L249); dermal (L249)

Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing rad...

Intermediate Inhalation: 0.0004 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Chronic Inhalation: 0.0003 mg/m3 (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.002 mg/kg/day (Soluble uranium salts) (L134) Intermediate Inhalation: 0.008 mg/m3 (Insoluble uranium compounds) (L134)

Uranium: Group 1, carcinogenic to humans (L135)

LC50 Guinea pigs inhalation 35,011 mg U/cu m for a 2-minute exposure limit.

Humans who excrete acidic urine may be more sensitive to uranium-induced kidney injury.