化合物详情

USDA APHIS Chemical Effects: collection=usda_chemeffect&query_type=synonym&query='^122-42-9$'

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isopropyl phenylcarbmate, which has a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-4 mm Hg at 25 deg(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isopropyl phenylcarbmate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Isopropyl phenylcarbmate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and has been shown not to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

The Koc of isopropyl phenylcarbmate has reported values between 51 to 65(1,2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that isopropyl phenylcarbmate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

ANAEROBIC: Isopropyl phenylcarbamate are stable in the presence of anaerobic microorganisms(1). This is consistent with other phenylcarbamates.

An estimated BCF of 20 was calculated for isopropyl phenylcarbmate(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.6(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for isopropyl phenylcarbmate is estimated as 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from a vapor pressure of 1X10-4 mm Hg(1) and a water solubility of 1.79 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isopropyl phenylcarbmate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). Isopropyl phenylcarbmate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isopropyl phenylcarbmate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Isopropyl phenylcarbmate has been shown to be resistant to hydrolysis in the environment(2). Isopropyl phenylcarbmate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and has been shown not to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(3).

RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Isopropyl phenylcarbamate was not detected in rainwater collected from Konigsmoor, Germany during 1996(1).

Isopropyl phenylcarbamate was detected in boiled potatoes(1). There were 97 reports of isopropyl carbamate in imported food in Sweden from 1990-1994(2).

Main route of excretion of propham by goat was via urine. Small amount appeared in milk and feces.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The endomembrane network of the chlamydomonad alga, Gloeomonas kupferri, can be disrupted by the herbicide, isopropyl N-phenyl carbamate (IPC).

Isopropyl phenylcarbamate was not detected in 35 wells from 3 counties in CA between July 1, 1994 and June 30, 1995(1).

Isopropyl phenylcarbmate's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's former use in the US as a herbicide(1) will have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

BIOASSAY TESTS INDICATE HALF LIFE...TO BE ABOUT 15 DAYS @ 16 °C & 5 DAYS @ 29 °C. HOWEVER, THE RATE OF DISSIPATION CAN VARY GREATLY WITH THE MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND MOISTURE LEVEL OF A GIVEN SOIL.

Occupational exposure and general population exposure should be low or non-existent since isophenyl carbamate is no longer produced or used in the US (1998). In the past, isopropyl phenyl carbamate was applied directly to the potato, clover, lentil, sugar beet, safflower, pea, flax and spinach crops as an herbicide and exposure to this compound was primarily by dermal contact and in the field where it was applied. (SRC)

Isopropyl phenylcarbmate's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's former use in the US as a herbicide will have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isopropyl phenylcarbmate will exist solely in the vapor phase in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase isopropyl phenylcarbmate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.3 hours. Isopropyl phenylcarbmate is not sensitive to sunlight. If released to soil, isopropyl phenylcarbmate is expected to have very high mobility based upon measured Koc values ranging from 51-65. Volatilization from water and moi...

As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Nervous

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central...

Inhalation (L793); oral (L793); dermal (L793)

Propham is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase...

Oral Chronic Reference Dose Reference: IRIS Current

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil: 0.1

No data are available in humans. Inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway control may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Carbamates and related compounds/

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil: 0.1

Reference: Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP