化合物详情

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow); Conditions: flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 26.6 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.0 mg/L, hardness 45.0 mg/L calcium carbonate, alkalinity 42.0 mg/L calcium carbonate, and pH 7.62; Concentration: 344 mg/L for 96 hr (confidence limit 337-352 mg/L)

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-phenoxyethanol, which has a estimated vapor pressure of 0.007 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-phenoxyethanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 11.8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.27X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Monitoring data have shown that 2-phenoxyethanol can be removed from the atmosphere via precipitation such as snow(4). 2-Phenoxyethanol does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5), a...

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-phenoxyethanol can be estimated to be 15(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-phenoxyethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

AEROBIC: For 2-phenoxyethanol, theoretical BODs of 2% (5-day), 71% (10-day), and 80% (20-day) have been measured(1); a theoretical 20-day BOD of 50% indicates a compound will largely be removed during biological waste treatment(1).

An estimated BCF of 1.5 was calculated in fish for 2-phenoxyethanol(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.16(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-phenoxyethanol is estimated as 4.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.007 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 2.6X10+4 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-phenoxyethanol is essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). 2-Phenoxyethanol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 2-Phenoxyethanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure of 0.007 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-phenoxyethanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.27X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11.8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The UV spectrum for an aqueous solution of 2-phenoxyethanol does not show any absorbance above 290 nm(2) which indicates that 2-phenoxyethanol will not directly photolyze in the environment(SRC). 2-Phenoxyethanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

GROUND WATER: 2-Phenoxyethanol concentrations of less than 5 ppm were detected in well waters collected in the vicinity of two industrial factories in Spain in 1984(1).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ THE APPROX TIMES TO 50% MORTALITY OF JUVENILE RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI) EXPOSED TO 2-PHENOXYETHANOL AT 0.75, 0.50, & 0.25 ML/L WERE 10.7 MINUTES, 26.3 MINUTES, & 3.7 HR, RESPECTIVELY. THE AVERAGE IMMOBILIZATION TIMES AT THE ABOVE 3 CONCN WERE 2, 3, & 4 MINUTES, RESPECTIVELY, & RECOVERY TIMES WERE APPROX 14, 9, & 6 MINUTES, RESPECTIVELY, FOR FISH THAT SURVIVED. 2-PHENOXYETHANOL THUS APPEARS TO BE A SUITABLE ANESTHETIC FOR JUVENILE SALMONIDS BUT ONLY FOR LIMITED DURATIONS, ESPECIALLY AT HIGHER CONCN.

2-Phenoxyethanol has been detected in wastewater effluents from the following industries: paint and ink, organics & plastics, photographic, and mechanical products(1). 2-Phenoxyethanol was detected in samples collected from oil reclaiming wastewaters(2). 2-Phenoxyethanol was qualitatively detected in wastewater samples collected from the Iona Island municipal treatment facility (British Columbia) in 1983(3).

RAIN/SNOW: Snow samples collected in early March (year not specified) at Lapland, Finland and Moscow, Russia contained 2-phenoxyethanol concentrations of 0.28 and 0.04 ug/kg respectively(1).

2-Phenoxyethanol's production and use as a solvent for cellulose acetate and dyes, in inks and resins, as a perfume fixative, as a bactericidal agent, in organic synthesis of plasticizers, germicides and pharmaceuticals and in insect repellents(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 111,040 workers (46,637 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 2-phenoxyethanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to the 2-phenoxyethanol occurs through inhalation of vapor and dermal contact. Its use as solvent for inks, resins and cellulose acetate and its use as a perfume fixative could expose the general population through dermal contact and inhalation of vapor(SRC).

2-Phenoxyethanol's production and use as a solvent for cellulose acetate and dyes, in inks and resins, as a perfume fixative, as a bactericidal agent, in organic synthesis of plasticizers, germicides and pharmaceuticals, and in insect repellents may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.007 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-phenoxyethanol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-phenoxyethanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11.8 hours. Monitoring data have shown that 2-phenoxyethanol can be removed from the atmosphere via precipitation including snow. 2-Phenoxyethanol does not...

May cause vomiting and diarrhea.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Dermal (A15201); ingestion

2-Phenoxyethanol is a glycol ether. Glycol ethers can produce toxicity following oxidation to the corresponding aldehyde and alkoxyacetic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH; EC 1.2.1.3), respectively. (A15201) 2-Phenoxyethanol causes reduction of NMDA-induced membrane currents, indicating a neurotoxic potential for 2-phenoxyethanol. (A15202)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use...