化合物详情

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) age 30 days; Conditions: freshwater, flow through; Concentration: 558 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 504-618 mg/L) /98% purity/

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetoxime, which has a vapor pressure of 1.82 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetoxime is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 48 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Acetoxime does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The Koc of acetoxime is estimated as 1.3(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.12(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetoxime is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

AEROBIC: Acetoxime, present at 2.5 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 28 days using a domestic sewage inoculum in the OECD 301D Closed Bottle test; therefore, biodegradation is not expected tp be an important environmental fate process(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for acetoxime(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.12(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for acetoxime is estimated as 7.8X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) developed using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that acetoxime is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 33 days(SRC). Acetoxime is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.82 mm Hg(3)(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetoxime with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.3X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 48 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Acetoxime is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Acetoxime does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Acetoxime's production and use in organic synthesis as an intermediate, as a solvent for cellulose ethers and a primer for diesel fuels may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Occupational exposure to acetoxime may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetoxime is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population will likely have limited or minimal exposure to acetoxime; however, may be exposed to acetoxime via dermal contact with consumer products containing acetoxime. (SRC)

Acetoxime's production and use in organic synthesis as an intermediate, as a solvent for cellulose ethers and a primer for diesel fuels may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.82 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates acetoxime will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetoxime will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 48 days. Acetoxime does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acetoxime is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.3. The pKa...

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Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetoxime is a solid. It is used in organic synthesis (intermediate), as a solvent for cellulose ethers, and as a primer for diesel fuels. HUMAN STUDIES: Acetoxime has been tested in vitro as an experimental medication for herpes infection. ANIMAL STUDIES: Acetoxime was tested for carcinogenicity by chronic administration in the drinking water to male and female rats. The dose of 1.0 g/liter was administered 5 days/week for 18 months (total dose, 6.2 -7.0 g/rat). Acetoxime induced benign hepatocellular adenomas in 80% of the males but did not produce tumors in the females. The 90 day-NOAEL of the test substance in rats by the oral route was 15 mg/kg bw/day in both sexes. No effects were observed in the reproductive organs or tissues up to the highest dose tested...

LD50 Mouse i.p. 4000 mg/kg

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/GENOTOXICITY/ Acetoxime (ACO) and 2-nitropropane (2-NP), both industrially important chemicals and known hepatocarcinogens in rats, induced increased levels of 8-hydroxy-guanine in liver DNA and RNA of male Sprague-Dawley and F344 rats after either oral or i.p. administration. Both compounds also produced qualitatively the same patterns of other apparent modifications of liver DNA and RNA nucleosides, discernible by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Six hours after administration, the effects of 2-NP on liver nucleic acids were more pronounced in F344 rats than in Sprague-Dawley rats, suggesting that 2-NP may prove to be a stronger carcinogen in the F344 strain. The effects of ACO, a weaker carcinogen than 2-NP, were less than those of the nitroalkane in both rat strains. These resu...

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or l...