化合物详情

Symptoms of locoism include staggering gait, depression, muscular incoordination, staring, nervousness, hyperexcitability, loss of appetite, and reproductive alterations such as abortion and birth defects. The major symptom of "slobbers syndrome" is profuse salivation. Other symptoms include diarrhea, lacrimation, stiff joints, frequent urination, tremors, spontaneous abortion, labored breathing, loss of appetite, bloat, and possibly death. Swainsonine also causes vacuolation of most tissues. (L1819, A3092, A3093)

Swainsonine causes a variety of neurological disorders, including locoism and "slobbers syndrome" in livestock. In man it causes a lysosomal storage disease, biochemically and morphologically similar to mannosidosis. It is also an appetite suppressant. (L1248, A3092, A3093)

Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (A3101)

Swainsonine inhibits the activity of glycoside hydrolases, especially N-linked glycosylation. Inhibition of Golgi mannosidase II and other alpha-mannosidases causes the accumulation of atypical hybrid glycoproteins and oligosaccarides because the proper processing cannot occur. This also results in intracellular vacuolization. (L1248, A3092, A3093)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Lysosomal storage diseases can causeimpaired cellular function and death. Many acquired lysosomal storage diseases are produced by toxic plants containing indolizidine alkaloids. This includes swainsonine, which inhibits lysosomal α-mannosidase and Golgi α-mannosidase II. Swainsonine-induced nervous disease associated with various plants has been reported, including species of the genus Astragalus, Sida, Oxitropis, Swainsona, and Ipomoea. The diagnosis of Astragalus spp. intoxication is established based on clinical signs, microscopic and ultrastructural findings, lectin histochemistry, the abundance of these plants in the grazing area, and the determination of swainsonine in plant specimens.