化合物详情

CAS7440-62-2

分子式V

分子量50.94 g/mol g/mol

危化品

Hazards Summary | Vanadium is a compound that occurs in nature as a white-to-gray metal, and is often found as crystals. Pure vanadium has no smell. It usually combines with other elements such as oxygen, sodium, sulfur, or chloride. Vanadium and vanadium compounds can be found in the earth's crust and in rocks, some iron ores, and crude petroleum deposits. Vanadium is mostly combined with other metals to make special metal mixtures called alloys. Vanadium in the form of vanadium oxide is a component in special kinds of steel that is used for automobile parts, springs, and ball bearings. Most of the vanadium used in the United States is used to make steel. Vanadium oxide is a yellow-orange powder, dark-gray flakes, or yellow crystals. Vanadium is also mixed with iron to make important p...

科学粮草官-词典编辑部，修订于：2026-07-06

Toxicity

Environmental Abiotic Degradation

Vanadium metal exhibits good corrosion resistance towards tap water and moderate to good corrosion resistance towards seawater It has good corrosion resistance at low temperature(1).

Natural Pollution Sources

Vanadium is present in the earth's crust at an average concentration of 100 mg/kg(1,2). Elemental vanadium does not occur in nature, but vanadium compounds exist in over 65 different mineral ores and in association with fossil fuels(1).

Probable Routes of Human Exposure

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 54,159 workers (2,658 of these are female) were potentially exposed to vanadium in the US(1).

Symptoms

Inhalation of vanadium causes lung irritation, coughing, wheezing, chest pain, runny nose, and a sore throat. (L837)

Interactions

Vanadium toxicity is a challenging problem to human and animal health with no entire understanding of cytotoxic mechanisms. Previous studies in vanadium toxicity showed involvement of oxidative stress in isolated liver hepatocytes and mitochondria via increasing of ROS formation, release of cytochrome c, and ATP depletion after incubation with different concentrations (25-200 uM). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of Sesamum indicum seed extract (100-300 ug/mL) against oxidative stress induced by vanadium on isolated rat hepatocytes. Our results showed that quite similar to Alpha-tocopherol (100 uM), different concentrations of extract (100-300 ug/mL) protected the isolated hepatocyte against all oxidative stress/cytotoxicity markers induced by vanadium in includ...

Target Organs

Developmental (effects while organs are developing), Gastrointestinal (Digestive), Hematological (Blood Forming), Neurological (Nervous System), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Health Effects

Breathing high levels of vanadium affects the lungs, throat, and eyes. Ingestion of vanadium may cause kidney and liver damage, birth defects, or death. (L837)

Adverse Effects

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Exposure Routes

Oral (L837); inhalation (L837); dermal (L837)

Toxicity Summary

Vanadium damages alveolar macrophages by decreasing the macrophage membrane integrity, thus impairing the cell's phagocytotic ability and viability. The pentavalent form of vanadium, vanadate, is a potent inhibitor of the Ca+-ATPase and Na+,K+-ATPase of plasma membranes, which decreases intracellular ATP concentration. Vanadium is also believed to induce the production of reactive oxygen species. This may damage DNA and also cause oxidative stress, which can damage the reproductive system. Vanadium also inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases, producing insulin-like effects. (L837, A247, A248, A249, A250, A251) CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Minimum Risk Level

Acute Inhalation: 0.0002 mg/m3 (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (L134)

RAIS Toxicity Values

Short-term Oral Reference Dose Reference: ATSDR Final

Carcinogen Classification

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rabbit sc 59 mg/kg

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Some experimental animal studies reported that vanadium had beneficial effects on blood total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). However, the relationship between vanadium exposure and lipid, lipoprotein profiles in human subjects remains uncertain...

1 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-06

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 0.026

Antidote and Emergency Treatment

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. ...

Hazard Quotient Level 3 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-04

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 0.026

USGS Health-Based Screening Levels for Evaluating Water-Quality

Reference: Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP