化合物详情

CAS7440-66-6

分子式Zn

分子量65.39 g/mol g/mol

非危品

Hazards Summary | Zinc is one of the most common elements in the earth's crust. It is found in air, soil, and water, and is present in all foods. Pure zinc is a bluish-white shiny metal. Zinc has many commercial uses as coatings to prevent rust, in dry cell batteries, and mixed with other metals to make alloys like brass, and bronze. A zinc and copper alloy is used to make pennies in the United States. Zinc combines with other elements to form zinc compounds. Common zinc compounds found at hazardous waste sites include zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, and zinc sulfide. Zinc compounds are widely used in industry to make paint, rubber, dyes, wood preservatives, and ointments.

科学粮草官-词典编辑部，修订于：2026-07-06

Toxicity

EPA Ecotoxicity

Pesticide Ecotoxicity Data from EPA: 2

Ecotoxicity Excerpts

/ACCIDENTAL POISONINGS/ ... Horses, sheep, and cattle have been intoxicated by grazing on forage in the vicinity of zinc smelters. Horses are the most zinc-sensitive farm animals and react with lameness, osteochondrosis (possibly caused by an abnormal collagen metabolism due to an inhibition of lysyl oxidase followed by a zinc provoked copper deficiency), and lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen and lymph nodes.

ICSC Environmental Data

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Natural Pollution Sources

Zinc is not found free in nature, but rather occurs in the +2 oxidation state often as zinc sulfide or zinc oxide. (SRC)

Atmospheric Concentrations

SOURCE DOMINATED: Geometric mean zinc concns in air for various jobs, melting, die-casting, and fettling, at Swedish aluminum die-casting foundries were 0.0023, 0.0014, and 0.024 mg/cu m, respectively(1). A geometric zinc concn in air at Swedish aluminum remelting plants was 0.0043 mg/cu m(1). A geometric zinc concn in air at aluminum remelting plants for two job titles, melting and scrap sorting were 0.0067 and 0.00095 mg/cu m, respectively(1).

Probable Routes of Human Exposure

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 412,702 workers (48,684 of these are female) are potentially exposed to zinc in the US(1).

Symptoms

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. (L49)

Treatment

Zinc poisoning is treated symptomatically, often by administering fluids such as water or milk, or with gastric lavage. (L49)

Target Organs

Immune

Toxicity Data

LD50: 630 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T31)

Health Effects

Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of HDL (good) cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damages. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (L49)

Hepatotoxicity

Other Drugs in the Subclass, Wilson Disease: Dimercaprol, Penicillamine, Trientine

Adverse Effects

Zinc taken in large amounts may cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting within 3 to 10 hours of swallowing the supplement. The symptoms usually alleviate within a short period. An excess intake of zinc can result in copper or anemia, iron deficiency, or copper deficiency. Nasal sprays and gels containing zinc may have side effects such as loss of sense of smell.

Exposure Routes

Oral (L49); inhalation (L49); dermal (113)

Toxicity Summary

Excessive zinc intake alters copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding in intestinal mucosal cells. Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc, producing zinc chloride, which is a corrosive product damaging the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (L48, L49, A49) CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Minimum Risk Level

Intermediate Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (L134)

RAIS Toxicity Values

Short-term Oral Reference Dose Reference: ATSDR Final

Carcinogen Classification

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Rats oral 630 mg/kg

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ /Researchers/ reported that 20 of 25 ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) being used in an experiment died of renal failure after eating raw meat that was accidentally contaminated with zinc from the wire cages. Zinc poisoning was diagnosed after autopsy and laboratory investigation.

1 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-06

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 1

Evidence for Carcinogenicity

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: No human data and no animal data. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation

A few studies have found that low zinc levels are linked to infertility (ability to get a partner pregnant). Zinc supplementation might help to improve fertility for some males but not for others. It is not clear how too much zinc would affect fertility. In general, exposures that fathers or sperm donors have are unlikely to increase the risks to a partner’s pregnancy. For more information, please see the MotherToBaby fact sheet Paternal Exposures at https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/paternal-exposures-pregnancy/.

Hazard Quotient Level 3 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-04

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 1

USGS Health-Based Screening Levels for Evaluating Water-Quality

Reference: Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP