化合物详情

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isoimperatorin, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isoimperatorin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase isoimperatorin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Isoimperatorin has a light absorpti...

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of isoimperatorin can be estimated to be 4500(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that isoimperatorin is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

An estimated BCF of 190 was calculated in fish for isoimperatorin(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for isoimperatorin is estimated as 1.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) developed using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isoimperatorin is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as greater than 1 year(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as greater than 1 year(SRC). Isoimperatorin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isoimperatorin with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Vapor-phase isoimperatorin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 37 minutes(1), calculated from a rate constant of 4.5X10-16 cm3/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). The lactone ring in analogous isopsoralen is susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis(2); therefore, isoimperatorin may undergo hydrolysis under alkaline environmental conditions(SRC). Isoimperatorin has a light abs...

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Isoimperatorin has been detected in various plants and plant parts(1).

Isoimperatorin's production and use as a laboratory chemical and in the manufacture of substances(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Occupational exposure to isoimperatorin may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isoimperatorin is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to isoimperatorin via ingestion and dermal contact with plants and plant parts containing isoimperatorin. (SRC)

Isoimperatorin's production and use as a laboratory chemical and in the manufacture of substances may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Isoimperatorin has been detected in various plants. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.4X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isoimperatorin will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase isoimperatorin will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours. Particulate-phase isoimperatorin will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Isoimperatorin has a light absorption peak at 310 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by su...

Symptoms of low dose exposure include excessive salivation and eye-watering. Acute dose symptoms include severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, anxiety, headache, tremor and ataxia may also result.

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

This study was designed to investigate the antigenotoxic effects of a series of naturally occurring furanocoumarins (NOFs) including isoimperatorin, imperatorin, (+)-oxypeucedanin, (+)-byakangelicol, and (+)-byakangelicine on antigenotoxic activities against genotoxicity induced by carcinogens [furylfuramide and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine], and procarcinogens 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-amino-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-4) and 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo-[4,5-f] quinoline (MeIQ)] to genotoxic metabolites catalyzed by rat S9 or rat and human recombinant cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1As by using the umu test based on SOS response. Five different NOFs, which were found in the human diets, strongly inhibited the umuC induction by procarcinogens, but /wer...

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central...

Isoimperatorin is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibit...

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Herbs which are widely used as food and medicine, are involved in many physiopathological processes. Melatonin is a human hormone, synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland, with a range of biological functions. Here, we have evaluated the potential influences of components extracted from common herbs on melatonin metabolism in humans. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: An in vivo pharmacokinetic study involving 12 healthy subjects, in vitro incubations with human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant human cytochrome P (CYP) isoenzymes and an in silico quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model analysis using comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis methods were employed t...

Not listed by IARC. IARC has assessed other furocoumarins, classifying 8-methoxypsoralen as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), 5-methoxypsoralen as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A), and certain other furocoumarins as not being classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). (L135)

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ CONTEXT: Ostericum koreanum (Maxim.) Kitagawa (Apiaceae) roots are traditionally used as an analgesic and antiulcer agent. However, the antiulcer potential of isoimperatorin isolated from O. koreanum has not yet been explored. AIM: To evaluate the antiulcer activity of isoimperatorin isolated from the roots of O. koreanum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isoimperatorin was isolated as cubic crystals by repeated column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction and structure was verified with 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS-FAB). The crystals obtained were analyzed with the single crystal X-ray method. The MTT assay was used to determine its cytotoxicity against chondrocytes at different concentrations (0.0-737.74 uM, 24 hr). The in v...

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or l...