化合物详情

Pesticide Ecotoxicity Data from EPA: 17

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ferbam, which has a negligible vapor pressure at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase ferbam may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Ferbam tends to decompose, releasing carbon disulfide(3), under the influence of air, moisture, and heat(2).

Adsorption coefficient (Kd) = 300 mg/g

AEROBIC: In pH 3.4 sandy soil, ferbam was largely decomposed after 4 to 5 weeks, while in pH 7.0 soil ferbam was decomposed after 14 to 15 weeks(1). Ferbam took longer than 8 weeks to reach the half-decay point in humus sandy soils as determined by activity to Rhizoctonia solani. If the humus content was 1.2% or below, an initial lag in the start of decomposition was observed(2). Ferbam releases carbon disulfide when it decomposes in soil(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for ferbam(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.60(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC), provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment.

Ferbam has a negligible vapor pressure and is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces or from moist soil surfaces(1).

Ferbam, as a metal salt, has negligible vapor pressure(1) and is expected to exist in the atmosphere as an aerosol(SRC). Particulate ferbam may be removed physically from air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Ferbam tends to decompose, releasing carbon disulfide(2), under the influence of air, moisture, and heat(1).

In the pregnant rats, a small but significant amount of radiolabel readily crossed the placenta into the fetus. In lactating rats, radiolabel was secreted into the milk, absorbed by the pups, and excreted in the pups' urine.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

Ferbam's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a fungicide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Its production and use in rubber processing(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,205 workers are potentially exposed to ferbam in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to ferbam may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ferbam is produced or used(SRC).

Ferbam's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a fungicide will result in its direct release to the environment. Its production and use in rubber processing may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a negligible vapor pressure at 20 °C indicates ferbam will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase ferbam will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, ferbam is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 300. Biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental fate process based on a 14-15 week degradation rate in soil at pH 7. Ferbam has a negligible vapor pressu...

irritation eyes, resp tract; dermatitis; gastrointestinal disturbance

Exposure to ferbam may cause alcohol intolerance.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral Chronic Reference Dose Reference: OPP

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology (primary toxic reaction, not that induced by alcohol, as inferred in part from clinical reports of disulfiram overdoses): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss. ... Headache, lethargy, dizziness, ataxia, confusion, drowsiness, emotional lability and coma. ...Reduction in blood pressure, not usually severe unless fluid and electrolyte deficits are extensive. Suppression of tendon reflexes. Hypotonia and, within a few hr or a few days, flaccid paralysis. ... Resp paralysis and death. Severe dermatitis and hepatitis probably represent hypersensitivity reactions. /Thiram/

IARC Monographs: Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

LC50 Rat inhalation 0.4 mg/L/4 hr