化合物详情

Osmium belongs to the platinum group metals (ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium and platinum), which are often found together in nature(1). In the lithosphere, the estimated concentration of platinum group metals range from 0.05 to 0.5 ppm(2). Osmium's elemental abundance is 0.001 ppm(1). During the formation of the earth, the six platinum group metals were most likely concentrated within the earth's iron-nickel core(4). Platinum group metals can be transferred from the earth's interior to the lithosphere by tectonic movements of the earth's crust followed by the eruption of magma(2). Osmium is found in the alloy osmiridium and in all platinum ores(3).

Occupational exposure to osmium compounds may occur through inhalation of dust, and by dermal contact at workplaces where platinum group metals are mined or processed, or where osmium compounds are produced or used. Available monitoring data are limited; however, since osmium has a low abundance in the environment and limited uses, exposure to the general population to osmium compounds is expected to be low. (SRC)

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Osmium metal itself... /is/ probably not harmful to the human organism. Already at relatively low temperatures, however, both osmium and its alloys are oxidized to volatile osmium tetroxide, which is toxic and strongly irritating.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Serious symptoms of irritation and dark color of pulmonary mucosa may indicate that, on contact with the tissues in the organic medium, /osmium tetroxide/ is reduced to osmium metal.

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/