propan-2-ol
IPUAC Name:propan-2-ol
CAS67-63-0
分子式C3H8O
分子量60.10 g/mol
危化品
Physical Description | Volatile, colorless liquid with a sharp musty odor like rubbing alcohol. Flash point of 53 °F. Vapors are heavier than air and mildly irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat. Density approximately 6.5 lb / gal. Used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, soaps, window cleaners. Sold in 70% aqueous solution as rubbing alcohol.
科学粮草官-词典编辑部,修订于:2026-08-07

毒性
毒性乳汁浓度
Isopropanol was detected in 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas(1).
体内负荷
在美国4个城市的12份母乳样品中检测到异丙醇(1)。由于代谢过程,人体呼吸中异丙醇的平均浓度和浓度范围分别为150 ug/cu m和50-260 ug/cu m (40名受试者在室内空气中)(2)。
大气浓度
SOURCE DOMINATED: At an industrial area in Linden, NJ, the isopropanol concentration was 4-59 ng/cu m (23 ng/cu m avg, 4 of 12 samples pos)(1). Near a polypropylene plant, the concentration of isopropanol was up to 340 mg/cu m(2). The peak concentration of isopropanol in Japan resulting from air pollution was 13-24 ppb(3). Isopropanol was detected, at level of 95 mg/cu m air, at the outlet of the main chimney of a paint-manufacturing plant in France in the 1980s(4). The compound was not detected at a distance of 10-30 m from this chimney(4). In 1970, avg atmospheric levels of isopropanol at distances of 500 and 5000 m from a plant producing isopropanol by indirect hydration, were 1.7 and 0.2 mg/cu m air, with maximum of 3 and 0.5 mg/cu m air, respectively(4). Isopropanol was detected in...
污水浓度
康涅狄格州5个城镇垃圾填埋场中1个场的渗滤液中异丙醇浓度为3.4 ppm(1)。在明尼苏达州垃圾填埋场的6个渗滤液样品中发现了异丙醇,浓度范围为94-41,000 ug/L(2)。在怀疑渗滤液污染的地下水中(基于无机物水平)也发现了异丙醇,浓度范围为8.6-2600 ug/L (13个样品中有6个为阳性),但在无机物水平表明水质良好或未知的地下水中未检测到(2)。1982-83年,在英国5个垃圾填埋场中1个场的测试井获得的7个渗滤液样品中测得的异丙醇浓度高达8.8 mg/L(3)。市政垃圾填埋场渗滤液(汇总自13个来源)中异丙醇的浓度为8.4 mg/L(4)。
环境水浓度
地表水:在俄亥俄州库亚霍加河中检测到异丙醇但未量化(1)。
水/土壤挥发
The Henry's Law constant for isopropanol is 8.10X10-6 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isopropanol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 86 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 29 days(SRC). Isopropanol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Isopropanol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 45.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). The volatilization of isopropanol from a runoff tank of an industrial waste...
环境归趋概述
大气命运:根据大气中半挥发性有机气/粒分配模型(1),异丙醇在25°C时的蒸气压为45.4 mm Hg(2),预计在大气中仅以蒸气形式存在(SRC)。气相异丙醇通过与光化学产生的羟基自由基反应在大气中降解(SRC);该反应在大气中的半衰期估计为3.2天(SRC),根据其在25°C时的速率常数5.07X10-12 cm³/分子-秒计算(3)。
环境生物浓缩
An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for isopropanol(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.05(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
环境生物降解
厌氧:厌氧塘处理设施的典型异丙醇去除效率,停留时间为15天,在稀释废物负荷后为50%,在浓缩废物负荷后为69%和74%(1)。在密闭瓶研究中,异丙醇被来自家庭污泥种子的富醋酸盐培养物完全厌氧降解(1)。培养物在4天后开始使用交叉喂养的异丙醇,速率为200 mg/L/天(1)。在由相同培养物接种的混合反应器中,停留时间为20天,经过70天适应最终浓度10,000 mg/L后,在随后的20天内实现了56%的去除率(1)。在半试点规模厌氧塘中,异丙醇的平均去除率在7.5-10天内对稀释废物为50%,对60 pp...
环境非生物降解
异丙醇与光化学产生的羟基自由基在气相中的反应速率常数为5.07X10-12 立方厘米/分子-秒,在25°C时(1)。这对应于在大气中羟基自由基浓度为5X10+5 每立方厘米时的半衰期约为3.2天(SRC)。异丙醇被认为在光化学烟雾情况下反应性低(5级中的2级,其中5级为高),其臭氧生成潜力是甲苯的68%(3)。在含有2 ppm异丙醇和1 ppm氮氧化物,相对湿度为55%的烟雾室中,30°C时5小时后观察到异丙醇减少20%(3)。异丙醇与夜间空气中的硝酸根自由基在气相中的反应速率常数为2.3X10-15 立方厘米/分子-秒,在25°C时(4)。这...
土壤吸附/迁移性
使用基于分子连接性指数的结构估计方法(1),可以估计异丙醇的Koc为1.5(SRC)。根据分类方案(2),此估计的Koc值表明异丙醇在土壤中预计具有极高的迁移性。
人工污染源
Isopropanol's production and use in the manufacture of acetone, glycerol, and isopropyl acetate and as a solvent for a variety of applications(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Isopropanol's use in hydraulic fracturing fluids (2,3) results in its direct release to the environment(SRC). A study of volatile organic compounds in the air of a Swiss tunnel concluded that the isopropanol component was likely due to its use in windshield washer fluids(4).
自然污染源
异丙醇已被确定为好氧微生物(如鱼类腐败细菌、牛肉腐败细菌、马铃薯块茎软腐细菌)、厌氧微生物、真菌(如蘑菇)和酵母的代谢产物(1)。
食品调查值
当异丙醇用作食品成分的提取或载体溶剂时,它可能存在于最终产品中(1)。在17份柠檬汁样品中有8份检测到异丙醇;这些样品是用从柠檬中用异丙醇提取的天然香料制备的(1)。在7个样品中测得浓度为0.2至82 mg/L,在一个样品中测得325 mg/L(1)。在用异丙醇提取的鱼蛋白浓缩物中也鉴定出异丙醇(1)。欧洲共同体委员会食品科学委员会已发布了使用异丙醇作为提取和/或载体溶剂后,食品中源自行业的残留水平(1)。典型水平为:干鱼蛋白浓缩物250 mg/kg,肉制品(食用时)50 mg/kg,750 mg/kg的...
ICSC 环境数据
该物质的环境影响已得到充分研究,但未发现显著影响。
其他环境浓度
In the German Environmental Survey (conducted between 1990-1992), 113 random people wore badge samplers for one week to collected personal air(1); average and geometric mean concentrations of isopropanol were found to be 80.0 and 39.1 ug/cu m, respectively, with only person having concentrations below detection limits of 1 ug/cu m(1).
生态毒性摘录
/植物/ 异丙醇抑制生菜种子的发芽,ED50(半数有效剂量)为35 mM。
人类可能接触途径
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,665,524 workers (2,058,264 of these are female) are potentially exposed to isopropanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to isopropanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isopropanol is produced or used(SRC). Occupational exposure to isopropanol may occur during the mfg of chemicals using isopropanol, its use as a solvent in various industrial applications, and its use in medicinal applications(SRC). For example, inhalation exposure of workers to isopropanol(sampling location, concentration mg/cu m) in various industries are as follows: car painting(personal, avg 7.1); ink production (area, 6.3-32.8); paint manufacture (personal, time-weighted avg range 6-258); hospital...
环境归趋/暴露概况
异丙醇的生产及其用于制造丙酮、甘油和乙酸异丙酯,以及作为各种应用的溶剂,可能导致其通过各种废物流释放到环境中。异丙醇在压裂液中的使用会导致其直接释放到环境中。异丙醇已被确定为好氧微生物、厌氧微生物、真菌和酵母的代谢产物。如果释放到空气中,25°C时45.4毫米汞蒸气压表明异丙醇将仅以蒸气形式存在于大气中。气相异丙醇将通过与光化学产生的羟基自由基反应在大气中降解;该反应在大气中的半衰期估计为3.2天。如果释放到土壤中,异丙醇...
EPA农药生态毒性数据
Pesticide Ecotoxicity Data from EPA: 5
症状
吸入铝尘会导致咳嗽和胸部X光异常。少数人对铝过敏,接触或摄入含铝产品时会出现接触性皮炎、消化系统紊乱、呕吐或其他症状。(L739, L740)
不良影响
ACGIH 致癌物 - 无法分类
健康影响
铝靶向神经系统并导致神经系统性能下降,并与血脑屏障功能改变有关。体内铝的积累可能导致骨骼或大脑疾病。高水平的铝与阿尔茨海默病有关。一小部分人对铝过敏,接触或摄入含铝产品后会出现接触性皮炎、消化系统紊乱、呕吐或其他症状。(L739, L740)
毒性数据
LD50: 11 300 mg/kg (口服,大鼠) (T14)
毒性概述
铝的主要靶器官是中枢神经系统和骨骼。铝与膳食磷结合并阻碍磷的胃肠道吸收。磷酸盐体内负担减少导致骨软化(由于骨矿化缺陷导致的骨骼软化)和佝偻病。铝的神经毒性被认为涉及多种机制。细胞骨架蛋白功能的变化被认为是原因之一,这是由于磷酸化、蛋白水解、运输和合成的改变所致。铝可能通过影响血脑屏障的通透性、胆碱能活性、信号转导途径、脂质过氧化,以及损害神经元谷氨酸-一氧化氮-环磷酸GMP途径,并干扰代谢...
目标器官
眼睛、皮肤、呼吸系统
RAIS毒性值
口服亚慢性慢性参考剂量参考: PPRTV 当前
致癌性证据
A4; 无法归类为人类致癌物。
致癌物分类
3,对人致癌性无法分类。(L135)
最低风险水平
口服中间值:1.0 mg/kg/天 (L134) 慢性口服:1.0 mg/kg/天 (L134)
特殊风险人群
有现有皮肤疾病的人可能更容易受到此物质的影响。...在肺功能受损的人中,特别是那些患有阻塞性气道疾病的人,吸入异丙醇可能由于其刺激性而导致症状加重。
暴露路径/方式
Oral (L739); inhalation (L739)
1或癌症风险水平1E-06
土壤饱和浓度(mg/kg):1.09e+05
危害商水平3或癌症风险水平1E-04
土壤饱和浓度(mg/kg):1.09e+05
USGS基于健康的水质评价筛选水平
参考文献: Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. 用于评估水质数据的基于健康的标准水平 (第 3 版)。DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP





