化合物详情

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 349 workers (16 of these are female) were potentially exposed to zinc dichromate in the US(1).

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16, L49)

Zinc poisoning is treated symptomatically, often by administering fluids such as water or milk, or with gastric lavage. There is no know antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L16, L49)

Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been know to cause reproductive and developmental defects. (A12, L49)

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Human.

Inhalation (L49); oral (L49); dermal (L49)

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with pepti...

Intermediate Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (Zinc) (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (Zinc) (L134) Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (Hexavalent Chromium) (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (Hexavalent Chromium) (L134)

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Lung tumors have been induced by zinc chromates and other hexavalent chromium compounds in laboratory animals and zinc-chromate has shown mutagenic activity in bacterial test systems. Epidemiologic studies have shown an increased incidence of lung cancer among chromate pigment workers, however, the number of cancer cases was small and the concentrations of zinc-chromate were not known. The authors conclude that exposure to zinc chromates appears to be associated with an increased cancer risk.

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ ... Zinc chromates ... enhanced the viral transformation of Syrian hamster secondary embryo cells by simian adenovirus SA7 ... /zinc chromates/