化合物详情

LC50 harlequin fish = 1.5 mg/L /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlormephos, which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.057 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlormephos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3.9 hours(3,SRC).

The Koc of chlormephos is estimated as approximately 1100(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.0(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that chlormephos is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 120 was calculated for chlormephos(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.0(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for chlormephos is estimated as 2.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 0.057 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 60 mg/l(1). This value indicates that chlormephos will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 9.1 hours(2,SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 7.5 days(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from an environmental pond 2 m deep is estimated to be about 10.3 days when considering adsorption to suspended solids and sediment(3). Chlorme...

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chlormephos with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2,SRC). In soil, chlormephos is converted to ethion(2). Irradiation (350 nm) of acetonitrile solutions of chlormephos sensitized by alpha-dicarbonyl compounds and benzoin gives several products, O,O-diethyl phosphate being the ultimate oxidation product(3). In the absence of sensitizers, 100% of chlormephos was recovered following irradiation(3). In soil, chlormephos was observed to degrade very quickly(4); the reason for degradation was no...

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Chlormephos's use as a soil insecticide in maize, sugar beet, fodder beet, sugar cane, potatoes, tobacco, cereals, and other crops(1) may result in its release to the environment(SRC).

Occupational exposure to chlormephos may occur through dermal contact with this pesticide during or after its application. (SRC)

Chlormephos's use as a soil insecticide may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a measured vapor pressure of 0.057 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates that chlormephos will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlormephos will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 3.9 hours. If released to soil, an estimated Koc of 1100 indicates that chlormephos is expected to have low mobility. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Chlormephos is degraded to ethion in soil. The observed half-life of chlormephos in sandy loam soil was 28 days. If released into water, t...

Ingestion Exposure: Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

LC50 (rat) = 88 mg/m3/4h

Other Poison - Organophosphate

The substance can be absorbed into the body in hazardous amounts by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

NOEL rat = 0.39 mg/kg diet /90-day feeding trials/

Those individuals who are exposed to organophosphorus pesticides with pre-existing/ organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis) /are at elevated risk from exposure/. The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are...