化合物详情

Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16)

There is no known antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L16)

Respiratory

Respiratory

Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been shown to affect reproduction and development. (A12)

Oral (L16); inhalation (L16); dermal (L16)

Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methylt...

Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (Hexavalent chromium) (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (Hexavalent chromium) (L134)

Oral Slope Factor Reference: CALEPA

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 0.025

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 0.025

Reference: Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP