化合物详情

Because of its very high chemical activity at temperatures only slightly above normal atm temp, the element occurs only in combined states.

Of the many radionuclides produced in nuclear and thermonuclear explosions, the primary contributors to exposure of humans are ... Zirconium-95 ... . /Zirconium-95/

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in manufacturing, processing, or use of zirconium in the United States may be as low as <10 workers and as high as 999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

Zirconium is a common element present in the earth's crust and is found in concentrations ranging from 150 to 300 mg/kg. It is not found in the elemental state but usually as oxides. Zirconium occurs in the minerals zircon, malacon, baddeleyite, zirkelite, eudialyte. It is also found frequently in the rare-earth minerals and in monazite sand. Zirconium in found in S-type stars and has been identified in the sun and meteorites. Lunar rocks were found to contain high concentrations of zirconium oxide as compared with terrestrial rocks. The use and production of zirconium metal in the aviation, aerospace, chemical and surgical instrument industries, and in nuclear reactor technology may result in the release of zirconium to the environment through various waste streams. In general, metal c...

Skin, lung granulomas; In Animals: irritation skin, mucous membrane; X-ray evidence of retention in lungs

Skin, respiratory system

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Zirconium is a grey-white metal. Zirconium, elemental is used in varying forms; dust, foil and chopped machining chips. It is used as an ingredient of priming or explosive mixtures; flashlight powders; as deoxidizer in metallurgy; as "getter" in vacuum tubes; in constructing rayon spinnerets in lamp filaments, flash bulbs, and nuclear reactors. Pure zirconium is being increasingly used as a corrosion-resistant metal in fabricating columns, pumps, pipe, valves, heat exchangers, and tanks for severe chemical environments, particularly sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, except those containing fluorides. In this capacity, it is also used in facilities producing urea, hydrogen peroxide, methyl methacrylate, or acetic acid. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A study of 22 wor...

Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose Reference: PPRTV Current

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Pulmonary granuloma in zirconium workers have been reported; however, the reports do not specify whether it was due to zirconium metal or a specific compound of zirconium. In addition, dermal granulomatous lesions, probably of allergic epithelioid origin, have been observed following the use of deodorant sticks and poison ivy lotions containing zirconium; the latter chemical may have been used as a compound and not as the metal per se.

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 1

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepa...

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 1