化合物详情

CAS7440-43-9

分子式Cd

分子量112.41 g/mol g/mol

危化品

Hazards Summary | Cadmium is a natural element in the earth's crust. It is usually found as a mineral combined with other elements such as oxygen (cadmium oxide), chlorine (cadmium chloride), or sulfur (cadmium sulfate, cadmium sulfide). All soils and rocks, including coal and mineral fertilizers, contain some cadmium. Most cadmium used in the United States is extracted during the production of other metals like zinc, lead, and copper. Cadmium does not corrode easily and has many uses, including batteries, pigments, metal coatings, and plastics.

科学粮草官-词典编辑部，修订于：2026-07-06

Toxicity

Natural Pollution Sources

Cadmium is a widely but sparsely distributed element found in the earth's crust at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm, primarily as sulfide minerals in association with zinc ores, zinc-bearing lead ores, and complex copper-lead-zinc ores(1,2). Greenocktite (CdS) is found associated with zinc ore, sphalerite (ZnS); zinc carbonate contains otavite (CdCO3) in small amounts. Cadmium abundance in seawater is estimated as 0.11 ug/L(2).

Artificial Pollution Sources

Of the two basic methods of zinc production, thermal smelting and electrolytic refining, only the former releases significant emissions of cadmium(1). Cadmium emissions at a lead smelter is expected to be elemental cadmium and the oxide(2).

Probable Routes of Human Exposure

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 335 workers (22 of these were female) were potentially exposed to pure cadmium in the US(1).

Symptoms

pulmonary edema, dyspnea (breathing difficulty), cough, chest tightness, substernal (occurring beneath the sternum) pain; headache; chills, muscle aches; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; anosmia (loss of the sense of smell), emphysema, proteinuria, mild anemia; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Cancer Sites

[prostatic & lung cancer]

Target Organs

respiratory system, kidneys, prostate, blood

Toxicity Data

LC50 (rat) = 25 mg/m3/30 min

Adverse Effects

ACGIH Carcinogen - Suspected Human.

Exposure Routes

inhalation, ingestion

Toxicity Summary

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

RAIS Toxicity Values

Short-term Oral Reference Dose Reference: ATSDR Final

Human Toxicity Excerpts

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Food and Environmental Agents: Effect on Breast-Feeding: Reported Sign or Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Cadmium: None Reported. /from Table 7/

Carcinogen Classification

IARC Monographs: Volume 100C: (2012) Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts

Non-Human Toxicity Values

LD50 Mouse ip 5700 ug/kg

1 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-06

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil: 0.001

Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cadmium and Related Com...

Hazard Quotient Level 3 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-04

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed Dermally from Soil: 0.001

USGS Health-Based Screening Levels for Evaluating Water-Quality

Reference: Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP