化合物详情

LC50; Species: Hyalella azteca (Scud, young age 1-11 days); Conditions: freshwater, static, 24-25 °C, pH 8.21 (7.23-8.83), hardness 124 mg/L, alkalinity 84 mg/L CaCO3, conductivity 345 uS/sq cm (288-958 uS/sq cm), organic carbon 1.4 mg/L (0.7-3.6 mg/L); Concentration: 846 ug/L for 7 days (95% confidence interval: 603-1188 ug/L) /Technical product/

Rare earths exhibit ionic bonding. Samarium metal reacts at room temperature with oxygen or dry air relatively slowly; the reaction is rapid in moist air. It ignites in air at elevated temperatures and reacts with most nonmetallic elements. In dilute mineral acids, rapid dissolution takes place with the formation of samarium(+3) ions(1).

Samarium is classified as a rare earth element. Rare earths are very similar within the group in chemical and physical properties. They are difficult to separate and always occur in nature in association with each other(1).

Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation. May be harmful if swallowed.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The aim of this study was to assess and compare in vitro the cytotoxic effects of uncoated and parylene-coated rare earth magnets, used in orthodontics. Cytotoxicity of samarium-cobalt magnets (SmCo5 and Sm2Co17) and neodymium-iron-boron magnets (Nd2Fe14B) was assessed by two in vitro methods, the millipore filter method and an extraction method. Orthodontic stainless steel brackets served as controls. Uncoated SmCo5-magnets showed high cytotoxicity while uncoated Sm2Co17-magnets demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity. Uncoated neodymium-iron-boron magnets, as well as parylene coated Sm2Co17-magnets and parylene-coated neodymium-iron-boron magnets, showed negligible cytotoxicity. Short-term exposure to a static magnetic field did not cause any cytotoxic effe...

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use...