化合物详情

Many foods are fortified with iron salts or elemental iron(1).

The element iron (Fe) is one of the most abundant on earth, but it does not occur in nature in useful metallic form. Iron ore is the term applied to a natural iron-bearing mineral in which the content of iron is sufficient to be commercially usable. Metallic iron, from which steel is derived, must be extracted from iron ore. By definition, steel is a combination of iron with a small amount of carbon(1).

MINING & HANDLING OF IRON ORES PROVIDE EXPOSURES TO DUSTS OF SILICON DIOXIDE & IRON OXIDES. CARBON MONOXIDE IS HAZARD IN OPERATION OF BLAST FURNACES... USE OF FLUORSPAR (CAF2) IN STEELMAKING GIVES RISE TO GASES CONTAINING SILICON TETRAFLUORIDE & OTHER FLUORIDE CONTAINING SUBSTANCES...

Effects of magnesium basic carbonate (MgCarb) and metallic iron powder (Fe0) on nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2)-induced carcinogenesis were studied in kidneys of male F344 rats. The rats, 20-40/group, received injections of Ni3S2 alone (62 mumol Ni) or with equimolar doses of MgCarb or Fe0 into the renal cortex of each pole of the right kidney. Control rats were given MgCarb, Fe0, or 0.1 ml of 50% aqueous glycerol, the injection vehicle. Final incidence of renal tumors 2 years after the injection of Ni3S2 alone or mixed with Fe was 60%. However, rats given Ni3S2 + Fe0 developed renal tumors much more rapidly. In contrast, the incidence of renal tumors in rats given Ni3S2 + MgCarb was only 20% (P < 0.01 vs. Ni3S2 alone). No kidney tumors were observed in the control rats. Between weeks 4 and 3...

In a young child, 75 milligrams per kilogram is considered extremely dangerous. A dose of 30 milligrams per kilogram can lead to symptoms of toxicity. A peak serum iron concentration of five micrograms or more per ml is associated with moderate to severe poisoning in many.

Likelihood score: A[H] (well established cause of clinically apparent acute and chronic liver injury when given in high doses).

Intravenous iron – the most common side effect of intravenous iron administration is hypotension. Other side effects include minor infusion reactions, typically presenting as arthralgias/myalgias, headache, nausea, and flushing.

The efficiency of absorption depends on the salt form, the amount administered, the dosing regimen and the size of iron stores. Subjects with normal iron stores absorb 10% to 35% of an iron dose. Those who are iron deficient may absorb up to 95% of an iron dose.

Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin. Iron-deficiency can lead to decreased production of hemoglobin and a microcytic, hypochromic anemia.

Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose Reference: PPRTV Current

The estimated toxic dose for a child is 20 mg Fe/kg.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The extent and intensity of the spread of siderosis is influenced by the site of the foreign body. Iron particles in the cornea or sclera principally have local effects. Particles in the anterior chamber may slowly rust and slowly be washed away by the flow of aqueous humor, causing siderosis only in the anterior chamber. In the lens, metallic iron causes lenticular siderosis, but may have little effect on the posterior portions of the eye. The most widespread and serious spread of iron comes from particles in the posterior part of the globe, in the vitreous humor, or in the neighborhood of the ciliary body. The larger the particle and the less encapsulated by dense tissue, the more rapid and extensive the siderosis. The rate at which siderosis develops vari...

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Rust rings...have been produced by implanting iron particles in guinea pig corneas. ...Softening of cornea about rust ring...was found to be attributable to infiltration of leukocytes about the rust ring.

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 1

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Iron and related compounds/

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 1

Reference: Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP