化合物详情

Urine samples collected from six males, aged 28 to 51 years, who had been employed in jewelry handicraft for 7 to 23 years, were analyzed for silver. Urinary silver ranged from 5 to 261 micrograms per 24 hours. A mean value of about 27 micrograms was found after shifts over 5 days in workers performing investment casting with oxyacetylene flame, while the mean urinary silver level in workers performing the electromagnetic induction process was about 5 micrograms after shifts.

Pesticide Ecotoxicity Data from EPA: 8

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Nanoparticles can remain airborne over a long period because of their small size and light weight(1). /Nanoparticles/

Zebra fish (Danio rerio) were exposed to silver nanoparticles at 5, 15, 25 and 50 ug/L in a flow thru system for 28 days(1). Analysis after 28 days of the gill and eviscerated carcasses showed dose dependent accumulation at all experimental concentrations(1). Tissue concentrations remained elevated four days after removed from silver nanoparticle exposure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Based on probabilistic material flow analysis in the USA, silver nanoparticle concentrations are predicted to be on the order of 0.0001 ug/L in surface waters(1). In Europe, silver is being released to natural waters at a rate of 20-130 tons per year, resulting in a concentration that ranges from 40 to 320 ng/L of total silver(2).

Based on probabilistic material flow analysis in the USA, silver nanoparticle concentrations are predicted to be on the order of 9 ug/L in wastewater treatment plants and 1550 ug/L in sewage sludge(1).

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

... found native or associated with copper, gold, and lead.

Metal concentrations were measured in selected fish and invertebrate species from Mugu Lagoon, Malibu Lagoon and Ballona Wetlands in southern California in order to assess the extent of metal contamination in these three wetlands. Ranges of element concentrations (in microgram/g) found in biota were: Zn 12-650; Cu 1.9-440; Ni < 1-37; Cr < 1-55; Pb < 0.5-6.8; As < 1-8.5; Se < 1-3.8; Cd < 0.2-0.90; and Ag < 0.3-5.9. Relative to previous studies of California biota, the highest metal concentrations found were for chromium and nickel. The highest levels were in one of the two bottom-dwelling fish (juvenile Leptocottus armatus) (55 ug/g) and the two water-column fish sampled (Fundulus parvipinnis and Atherinops affinis) (30 and 24 ug/g). At Ballona Lagoon, elevated levels of copper and silve...

Among the current list of more than 1300 consumer products that claim to include nanoparticles, approximately 20% contain silver nanoparticles(1). Silver nanoparticles are commonly incorporated into a wide variety of commercial goods (e.g., personal care products, food containers, laundry additives, clothing, paintings and home appliances) and are also used for water treatment, drug and gene delivery, bone prostheses, implantable materials, biosensors and bio-imaging devices(2). These uses may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams as well as direct release to the environment(SRC).

NIOSH is conducting research to determine whether nanoparticles pose a threat to exposed workers. No US or International exposure standards have been established. Workers can be exposed by unintentional hand-to-mouth transfer of materials or swallowing particles cleared from the respiratory tract(1). /Nanoparticles/

Among the current list of more than 1300 consumer products that claim to include nanoparticles, approximately 20% contain silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles are commonly incorporated into a wide variety of commercial goods (e.g., personal care products, food containers, laundry additives, clothing, paintings and home appliances) and are also used for water treatment, drug and gene delivery, bone prostheses, implantable materials, biosensors and bio-imaging devices. Silver nanoparticles readily transform in the environment, modifying their properties and alters their transport, fate, and toxicity. Silver binds strongly to organic and inorganic sulfur in fresh and sea water systems as well as in waste water treatment plants, where most silver nanoparticles are expected to be conce...

Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. Exposure to high levels of silver in the air has resulted in breathing problems, lung and throat irritation, and stomach pains. Skin contact with silver can cause mild allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and inflammation in some people. (L808)

Intraperitoneal pretreatment with a large dose of cadmium, zinc, mercury, manganese or silver remarkably depressed the lethal effects of X-ray. Metal binding protein may not play an important role in protective effects of metal pretreatment on the lethal effects of X-ray, but quantum mechanical characters of metals may do so.

Nasal septum, skin, eyes

LD50: 100 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (T34)

Silver itself is not toxic to humans, but most silver salts are. In large doses, silver and compounds containing it can be absorbed into the circulatory system and become deposited in various body tissues, leading to argyria, which results in a blue-grayish pigmentation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Argyria is rare, and although, so far as known, this condition does not otherwise harm a person's health, it is disfiguring and usually permanent. Mild forms of argyria are sometimes mistaken for cyanosis. (L809)

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Oral (L808); inhalation (L808); dermal (L808)

Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. The silver ion is known to inhibit glutathione peroxidase and NA+,K+-ATPase activity, respectively disrupting selenium-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction reactions and intracellular ion concentrations. Silver nanoparticles are believed to disrupt the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and DNA damage. (L808, A243, A244, A245, A246) CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose Reference: HEAST Current

Not listed by IARC.

LD50 Rat (male) dermal > 2000 mg/kg

Blond people are considered more susceptible to argyria than others.

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 0.04

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: In animals local sarcomas have been induced after implantation of foils and disks of silver. However, the interpretation of these findings has been questioned due to the phenomenon of solid-state carcinogenesis in which even insoluble solids such as plastic have been shown to result in local fibrosarcomas. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate .

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use...

◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 0.04

Reference: Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP