化合物详情

CAS7440-47-3

分子式Cr

分子量52 g/mol g/mol

危化品

Hazards Summary | Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, soil, and in volcanic dust and gases. Chromium is present in the environment in several different forms. The most common forms are chromium(0), chromium(III), and chromium(VI). No taste or odor is associated with chromium compounds. Chromium(III) occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential nutrient. Chromium(VI) and chromium(0) are generally produced by industrial processes. The metal chromium, which is the chromium(0) form, is used for making steel. Chromium(VI) and chromium(III) are used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving.

科学粮草官-词典编辑部，修订于：2026-07-06

Toxicity

Natural Pollution Sources

Chromium is found in nature only in the combined state and not as the element. ...

Probable Routes of Human Exposure

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 386,142 workers (10,433 of these are female) were potentially exposed to chromium, elemental in the US(1).

Symptoms

Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16)

Treatment

There is no known antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L16)

Interactions

... Rats ... given 1 intratracheal intubation of 10 mg powder chromium alone or ... with ... methylcholanthrene & killed at ... intervals up to 12 wk. Squamous-cell carcinomas of lung developed ... in 7/12 rats given 5 mg methylcholanthrene+chromium 3/12 given 1 mg methylcholanthrene+chromium ... 3/7 given 5 mg methylcholanthrene ... 1/8 given 1 mg methylcholanthrene & in 0/12 given chromium alone. /No controls reported/

Target Organs

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Health Effects

Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen. Chronic inhalation especially has been linked to lung cancer. Hexavalent chromium has also been shown to affect reproduction and development. (A12)

Adverse Effects

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Human.

Exposure Routes

Oral (L16); inhalation (L16); dermal (L16)

Toxicity Summary

Hexavalent chromium's carcinogenic effects are caused by its metabolites, pentavalent and trivalent chromium. The DNA damage may be caused by hydroxyl radicals produced during reoxidation of pentavalent chromium by hydrogen peroxide molecules present in the cell. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methylt... CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Minimum Risk Level

Intermediate Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (Hexavalent chromium) (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (Hexavalent chromium) (L134)

Carcinogen Classification

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

1 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-06

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 0.013

Evidence for Carcinogenicity

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of metallic chromium and of chromium(III) compounds. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of metallic chromium, barium chromate and chromium(III) compounds. Overall evaluation: Metallic chromium and chromium(III) compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). /Metallic chromium and chromium(III) compounds/

Hazard Quotient Level 3 or Cancer Risk Level 1E-04

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 0.013

USGS Health-Based Screening Levels for Evaluating Water-Quality

Reference: Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP