化合物详情

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea); Conditions: freshwater, static, 11.5-14.5 °C, pH 7.2-7.8, dissolved oxygen 5.2-6.5 mg/L; Concentration: 32000 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxicaiton, immobilization

SURFACE WATER: In stream water and most groundwater, only traces of the element are present. The reason for the small amt of barium in soln is the low solubility of barium sulfate. Because natural water usually contains sulfate, only trace amt of barium will dissolve.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Barite affected the composition of estuarine communities developed from planktonic larvae in aquaria containing sand and flowing estuarine water. A significant number of annelids & mollusks decreased; however, clam growth, laevicardium mortoni, was not affected. Large amt of barium sulfate could adversely affect colonization of benthic animals. /Barite/

Most commercial sources of barite are replacement deposits in limestone, dolomitic sandstone and shales, or residual deposits caused by differential weathering that result in lumps of barite enclosed in clay. Barite sometimes occurs in veins and as a gangue mineral in metallic ores, such as lead, zinc, and silver, and is frequently associated with fluorspar. /Barite/

The exhaust solids emitted from diesel engines which use barium based smoke depressant additives contain ... barium sulfate.

Potential occupational exposure /to barium sulfate/ is ... 900,000 /people/ ... .

Ingesting excess barium may cause vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, difficulties in breathing, increased or decreased blood pressure, numbness around the face, and muscle weakness. High levels may result in changes in heart rhythm or paralysis and possibly death. (L214)

Intravenous infusion of potassium often relieves many of the symptoms of barium toxicity. (L214)

Eyes, respiratory system

The health effects of the different barium compounds depend on how well the compound dissolves in water or the stomach contents. At low doses, barium acts as a muscle stimulant, while higher doses affect the nervous system, causing cardiac irregularities, tremors, weakness, anxiety, dyspnea, paralysisand possibly death. Barium may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances, damage the kidneys and cause decreases in body weight. (L214)

Oral (L214); inhalation (L214)

Barium is a competitive potassium channel antagonist that blocks the passive efflux of intracellular potassium, resulting in a shift of potassium from extracellular to intracellular compartments. The intracellular translocation of potassium results in a decreased resting membrane potential, making the muscle fibers electrically unexcitable and causing paralysis. Some of these barium's effects may also be due to barium induced neuromuscular blockade and membrane depolarization. (L214)

Intermediate Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (L134) Chronic Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day (L134)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

LD50 Mouse oral > 3000 mg/kg bw

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Barium and Related Compounds/

◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk