化合物详情

LC50; Species: Lemna minor (Duckweed) 20 colonies or 40 fronds; Conditions: freshwater, static, 27 °C, pH 7.5; Concentration: 60000 ug/L for 96 hr /technical/

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: At atmospheric pressures, fluorine is a gas above its boiling point of -188.13 °C(1), and therefore, will exist as a gas in the ambient environment(SRC). Fluorine gas is a powerful oxidizing agent that reacts with water to form HF and other compounds(1,2). It also reacts readily with many gases and oxidant species(1,2) which indicates that fluorine gas will be converted to a variety of fluorine compounds in the atmosphere(SRC). The elemental form of fluorine, a pale yellow-green, irritating gas with a sharp odor, is so chemically reactive that it rarely occurs in the environment in the elemental state(3).

Elemental fluorine was found to be very mobile in both sandy and sandy loam soils(1). Fluorine decomposes in water to form hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen fluoride (OF2)(2); therefore, fluorine is expected to decompose in moist soils as it reacts with water(SRC).

Fluorine decomposes in water to form hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen fluoride (OF2)(1). Therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

Fluorine decomposes in water to form hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen fluoride (OF2)(1). Therefore, volatilization from surface waters is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Fluorine is a gas at environmental temperatures(1) which indicates volatilization from dry soil will occur(SRC).

Fluorine decomposes in water to form hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen fluoride (OF2)(1). Fluorine gas is a powerful oxidizing agent that combines directly with many gases and liquids (sometimes violently) to form a variety of fluorine compounds(1,2). The elemental form of fluorine, a pale yellow-green, irritating gas with a sharp odor, is so chemically reactive that it rarely occurs in the environment in the elemental state(3).

Monitoring of atmospheric emissions from two coal-fired power plants found median fluorine concentrations of 0.3-3 ppm(1).

... IN EARTH'S CRUST 0.065% BY WT NATURAL ABUNDANCE OF ISOTOPES: (19)F 100% ... DOES NOT OCCUR IN ELEMENTAL STATE IN NATURE. MOST IMPORTANT SOURCES ARE FLUORITE, CRYOLITE & FLUOROPATITE ... .

The halogens fluorine and chlorine present in the mineral matter of coals are being transferred during coal combustion into volatile hydrogen halides with increasing combustion temperature to an increasing degree by pyrohydrolysis. These gases then appear in the flue gas. The degree of liberation and subsequent recapture in the cooler parts of the flue gas duct were evaluated in a laboratory combustor for which complete mass balances could be established. Variables investigated were operating parameters, fuel, and sorbent. A substantial retention of fluorine was found when adding finely powdered limestone sorbent in excess of what is required for sulfur capture alone.

... Inhalation ... eye and skin contact. ...

Fluorine's production and use in the manufacture of uranium fluoride (UF6) for nuclear power generation, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and other fluorine compounds may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Fluorine gas has been identified as a trace material in atmospheric emissions from coal-fired power plants and in emissions from volcanoes. If released to air, fluorine will exist solely as a gas in the atmosphere. Fluorine gas is a powerful oxidizing agent that reacts with water and with many gases and oxidant species which indicates that fluorine gas will be converted to a variety of fluorine compounds in the atmosphere. The elemental form of fluorine, a pale yellow-green, irritating gas with a sharp odor, is so chemically reactive that it rarely occur...

Fluorine is very irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Symptoms of fluoride exposure include abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysphagia, hypersalivation, mucosal injury, nausea, vomiting. Electrolyte abnormalities including hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and hypomagnesemia may occur. Neurological symptoms include headache, muscle weakness, hyperactive reflexes, muscular spasms, paresthesia seizures, tetanic contractions, and tremors. In severe cases, multiorgan failure will occur. Death typically results from cardiac arrest, shock, widening of QRS, and various arrhythmias occur. (L963, L969)

Oral exposure to fluoride compounds should be treated by giving milk, calcium carbonate, or milk of magnesia to slow absorption. Eye or skin contact should be treated by removing any contaminated clothing and flushing with water. (L969)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys

LC50 (rat) = 185 ppm/1H

Exposure to high levels of fluoride can result in denser bones. However, if exposure is high enough, these bones may be more fragile and brittle and there may be a greater risk of fracture. Chronic exposure may also cause dental fluorosis, which alters the appearance of children's teeth during tooth development. (L963, L969)

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Oral (L963); inhalation (L963); dermal (L963)

Fluoride ions are incorporated into bone by substituting for hydroxyl groups in the carbonate-apatite structure to produce hydroxyfluorapatite, thus altering the mineral structure of the bone. Alteration in mineralization increases hardness and bone mass, but also decreases mechanical strength. A portion of the circulating inorganic fluoride acts as an enzyme inhibitor because it forms metalfluoride-phosphate complexes that interfere with the activity of those enzymes requiring a metal ion cofactor. In addition, fluoride may interact directly with the enzyme or the substrate. It is a general inhibitor of the energy production system of the cell. Fluorine may bind calcium and decrease its concentration. This is thought to indirectly inhibit amelogeninase activity, resulting in altered cr... CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Acute Inhalation: 0.01 ppm (L134)

Oral Subchronic Chronic Reference Dose Reference: HEAST Current

500 mg/kg has been fatal to humans.

Inorganic fluorides used in drinking-water are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). (L135)

LC50 Guinea Pig inhalation 170 ppm/1 hr

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 1

Fraction of Contaminant Absorbed in Gastrointestinal Tract: 1