化合物详情

ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILVER IODIDE ACCUMULATION IN A SEMIARID GRASSLAND ENVIRONMENT. THE POSSIBLE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SILVER IODIDE ACCUMULATION IN SOIL WHICH MIGHT RESULT FROM WEATHER MODIFICATION WERE EXAMINED BY USE OF A 2.5 YEAR OLD RANDOMIZED TREATMENT PLOT IN A SEMIARID GRASSLAND TO DEFINE POSSIBLE THRESHOLD SILVER LEVELS WHERE CHANGES IN DECOMPOSER PARAMETERS MIGHT FIRST BE DETECTED. AFTER THREE GROWING SEASONS, SILVER IODIDE PRESENCE AT LEVELS ABOVE THOSE WHICH COULD BE EXPECTED FROM WEATHER MODIFICATION APPEARS TO BE RELATED TO DECREASED SOIL OXYGEN UPTAKE, CARBON DIOXIDE EVOLUTION, AND BACTERIAL GLUCOSE MINERALIZATION, THE MOST SENSITIVE ASSAY EVALUATED TO DATE, IS IN THE RANGE OF 1-2 UG G-1 SILVER. IN THE RANGE OF 0-0.6 UG G-1 ACCUMULATED SILVER, NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN...

D011; A waste containing silver may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Silver/

Silver concn in rainwater as a result of /the emission of silver iodide crystals during cloud seeding/ were estimated to be between 0.04 picograms/ml and 5 ng/ml.

The emission of silver iodide crystals during cloud seeding has been estimated to result in a silver concn in air of about 0.1 ng/cu m.

The emission of silver iodide crystals during cloud seeding has been estimated to result in a silver concn in air of about 0.1 ng/cu m.

Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. Exposure to high levels of silver in the air has resulted in breathing problems, lung and throat irritation, and stomach pains. Skin contact with silver can cause mild allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and inflammation in some people. (L808)

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Mutagenic potential of copper compounds and its alteration in case of the interaction with silver compounds were analyzed by use of plant test systems. As test systems, Crepis capillaris L., Tradescantia clone 02, and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) were used. Mutagenic properties of copper iodide and copper sulfate were not detected. CuI, being not a mutagen by itself, remarkably enhanced mutagenic potential of AgI.

LD50: 2820 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L821)

Silver itself is not toxic to humans, but most silver salts are. In large doses, silver and compounds containing it can be absorbed into the circulatory system and become deposited in various body tissues, leading to argyria, which results in a blue-grayish pigmentation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Argyria is rare, and although, so far as known, this condition does not otherwise harm a person's health, it is disfiguring and usually permanent. Mild forms of argyria are sometimes mistaken for cyanosis. (L809)

Oral (L808); inhalation (L808); dermal (L808)

Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. The silver ion is known to inhibit glutathione peroxidase and NA+,K+-ATPase activity, disrupting selenium-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction reactions and intracellular ion concentrations, respectively. Silver nanoparticles are believed to disrupt the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and DNA damage. (L808, A243, A244, A245, A246)

... DEVELOPMENT /OF ARGYRIA (POISONING BY SILVER OR A SILVER SALT WHICH LEADS TO A PERMANENT ASHEN-GRAY DISCOLORATION OF THE SKIN, CONJUNCTIVA, AND INTERNAL ORGANS)/ FROM INHALATION THROUGH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE APPEARS TO BE VERY SLOW & MAY REQUIRE YEARS.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/