化合物详情

CAS12125-02-9

分子式NH4Cl

分子量53.49 g/mol g/mol

危化品

Physical Description | Ammonium chloride is a white crystalline solid. It is soluble in water(37%). The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used to make other ammonium compounds, as a soldering flux, as a fertilizer, and for many other uses.

科学粮草官-词典编辑部，修订于：2026-07-06

Toxicity

EPA Ecotoxicity

Pesticide Ecotoxicity Data from EPA: 3

ICSC Environmental Data

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Natural Pollution Sources

Ammonium chloride occurs naturally in volcanic material; however, production from natural sources is of no significance.

Probable Routes of Human Exposure

AMMONIUM CHLORIDE IS NOT CONSIDERED A SERIOUS INDUSTRIAL HAZARD.

Symptoms

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; cough, dyspnea (breathing difficulty), pulmonary sensitization

Target Organs

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Exposure Routes

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Toxicity Summary

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ammonium chloride is a white, fine or coarse, crystalline powder. it is a good fertilizer for important crops in rainy climates, particularly for rice. It is not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. Ammonium chloride is used also as a flux in zinc and tin plating; electroplating, electrolytic refining of zinc; etching solutions in manufacture of printed circuit boards; in dry and Leclanche batteries; manufacturing of explosives; flame suppressant; hardener for formaldehyde-based adhesives; mordant for dyes and printing. It is used as medication particularly in diuretics, expectorants. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Potent...

Drug Induced Liver Injury

References: DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.022

Populations at Special Risk

Ammonium chloride should not be administered to patients with severe hepatic dysfunction, since ammonia toxicity may occur in these patients.

Antidote and Emergency Treatment

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs o...