Lupanine (D-Lupanine) is a natural ketonic derivative of Sparteine ( (+)-Sparteine ) with a ganglioplegic activity. Lupanine shows binding affinity for nicotinic receptor ( nAChR ) with a K i value of 500 nM In Vitro Lupanine shows binding affinity for nicotinic receptor with a K i value of 500 nM. While, Lupanine shows a very weak affinity for the muscarinic receptor with a K i value of 11000 nM. Lupanine (0-100 μM) is a weak agonist and desensitizer in SH-SY5Y cells, with EC 50 and DC 50 of 10.7 μM and 28.2 μM, respectively. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. In Vivo Lupanine (100-300 mg/kg for i.p.; 175-700 mg/kg for p.o.) is much less toxic in one single injection in EOPS male Swiss mice (20-22 g) and Hartley guinea-pigs (400-500 g) . Lupanine (1-7.5 mg/kg; i.v.) is more efficient than Sparteine for antagonizing secondary reflex hypertension in carotid occlusion and hypotension resulting from the stimulation of the pneumogastric nerve in both the cat and the dog . Lupanine has an inhibitory action on nicotinic type hypertension produced by injection of Acetylcholine (500 p.g/kg i.v.) in the Atropine-treated dog . MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Form:Liquid IC50& Target:Ki: 500 nM (Nicotinic receptor) and 11000 nM (Muscarinic receptor)