红曲色素是可从红曲米中提取得到的一种氮杂类色素，有口服活性，具有抗肿瘤和抗炎活性。红曲色素还能抑制NOR 的激活。红曲色素是一种 Nrf2 激活剂和 PPARγ 激动剂。 应用： 红曲霉素已被用于治疗4T1乳腺癌细胞和测试其对癌细胞失巢凋亡和生长抑制的效果。 Monascin is a kind of azaphilonoid pigments extracted from Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice). Monascin also exhibits anti-tumor-initiating activity and anti-inflammatory activity with oral administration. Monascin inhibits the activation of NOR 1 (an NO donor). Monascin is a Nrf2 activator and PPARγ agonist. Application： Monascin has been used to treat 4T1 breast cancer cells and to test its effects on tumor cells anoikis and growth prevention.