Information Ripasudil (K-115) hydrochloride dihydrate is potentROCKinhibitor withIC50of 51 nM and 19 nM for ROCK1 and ROCK2, respectively, used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Targets ROCK2 (Cell-free assay); ROCK1 (Cell-free assay) 19 nM; 51 nM In vitro In monkey trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, Ripasudil induces retraction and rounding of cell bodies as well as disruption of actin bundles. In Schlemm\'s canal endothelial (SCE) cells, Ripasudil significantly decreases transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), increases the transendothelial flux of FITC-dextran, and disrupts cellular localization of ZO-1 expression. In vivo In albino rabbits and monkeys, topical instillation of Ripasudil significantly reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) with maximum IOP reduction of 8.55 mmHg and 4.36 mmHg at 0.5 % and 0.4%, respectively. Ripasudil (1 mg/kg daily, p.o.) exerts a neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) after optic nerve crush (NC) by suppressing oxidative stress through pathways involving the Nox family in a mouse model.