一种耐水的路易斯酸催化剂，近来用于一锅法合成 β-内酰胺、立体控制性自由基反应和亲核加成反应。催化新型的立体选择性分子内 Diels-Alder 反应以合成脱氧喷司他丁 A。 与硅烷化的金鸡纳生物碱配合使用的路易斯酸催化剂，可由酸性氯化物和芳基亚胺经不对称性合成生成取代 β-内酰胺。也用于愈创木烷骨架合成中催化醛-烯反应。 用于包括烯丙基硼化在内的多种合成反应中的重要路易斯酸催化剂。 A water-tolerant Lewis acid catalyst recently used in one-pot syntheses of β-lactams, and in stereocontrolled radical and nucleophilic addition reactions. Catalyzes the synthesis of deoxypenostatin A in a novel, stereoselective, intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. Lewis acid catalyst used with a silylated chinchona alkaloid in an asymmetric synthesis of substituted β-lactams from an acid chloride and aryl imine.Also used to catalyze an aldehyde-ene reaction in a synthesis of the guaiane skeleton. An important Lewis acid catalyst for a variety of synthetic reactions, including allylborations.